Mustum (extracted grape juice) - Assisted Green Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Evaluation of Phase, Vibrational, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

Nilofur Fathima S.J; Arun Paul C; Mathu Metha K; Ranjith Kumar E

doi:10.54392/irjmt25323

Authors

Nilofur Fathima S.J Department of Physics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India. Author
Arun Paul C Department of Science and Humanities, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641008, Tamil Nadu, India. Author
Mathu Metha K Department of Physics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India. Author
Ranjith Kumar E Department of Physics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, 641407, Tamil Nadu, India. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt25323

Keywords:

Mustum (Grape Juice), Green Chemical Synthesis, Metal Oxides, TEM

Abstract

Environmentally friendly green chemical techniques for nanomaterial synthesis employing non-toxic chemicals and renewable resources have received interest. The green chemical method was adopted to synthesize metal oxide nanoparticles to study their physicochemical properties. XRD was used for crystallite size, lattice characteristics, and phase purity. XRD analysis confirmed that the metal oxide nanoparticles produced are single-phase cubic (NiO and Co₃O₄) and monoclinic (CuO) with 25–35 nm crystallite diameters. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used to study functional groups and chemical bonding on metal oxide nanoparticle surfaces. A detected peak between 600 and 400 cm-1 indicates Metal-Oxygen in the synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles. FESEM and TEM were used to investigate nanomaterials' surface morphology, particle size, and shape at high resolution. TGA was used to evaluate metal oxide nanoparticle heat stability and degradation. Two large weight losses at 100°C and above 550°C suggest water and other sample constituents are eliminated. The antibacterial study shows good efficacy in Co₃O₄. The results demonstrate that synthesized nanoparticles can be used in many functional applications.

References

S. Demarema, M. Nasr, S. Ookawara, A. Abdelhaleem, New insights into green synthesis of metal oxide based photocatalysts for photodegradation of organic pollutants: A bibliometric analysis and techno-economic evaluation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 463, (2024) 142679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142679

J. Gubitosa, V. Rizzi, A. Laurenzana, F. Scavone, E. Frediani, G. Fibbi, F. Fanelli, T. Sibillano, C. Giannini, P. Fini, P. Cosma, The “end life” of the grape pomace waste become the new beginning: The development of a virtuous cycle for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and removal of emerging contaminants from water. Antioxidants, 11(5), (2022) 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050994

G. Brahmachari, (2021) Green synthetic approaches in organophosphorus chemistry: recent developments. Organophosphorus Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781839163814-00467

J.A.Kumar, T. Krithiga, S. Manigandan, S. Sathish, A.A.Renita, P. Prakash, B.S. Naveen Prasad, T.R. Praveen Kumar, M. Rajasimman, A. Hosseini-Bandegharaei, D. Prabu, S. Crispin, A focus to green synthesis of metal/metal based oxide nanoparticles: Various mechanisms and applications towards ecological approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 324, (2021) 129198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129198

M.I. Benitez-Salazar, V.E. Niño-Castaño, R.A. Dueñas-Cuellar, L. Caldas-Arias, I. Fernández, J.E. Rodríguez-Páez, Chemical synthesis versus green synthesis to obtain ZnO powders: Evaluation of the antibacterial capacity of the nanoparticles obtained by the chemical method. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9(6), (2021) 106544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106544

A. Rasool, S. Sri, M. Zulfajri, F.S.H. Krismastuti, Nature inspired nanomaterials, advancements in green synthesis for biological sustainability. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 169, (2024)112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112954

H.N. Jayasimha, K.G. Chandrappa, P.F. Sanaulla, V.G. Dileepkumar, Green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: A promising material for photocatalysis and electrochemical sensor. Sensors International, 5, (2024) 100254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2023.100254

F.T. Thema, E. Manikandan, M.S. Dhlamini, M.J.M.L. Maaza, Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles via Agathosma betulina natural extract. Materials Letters, 161, (2015) 124-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2015.08.052

M. Ramesh, M. Anbuvannan, G. Viruthagiri, Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136, (2015). 864-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.105

P. Prabu, V. Losetty, Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Macroptilium Lathyroides (L) leaf extract and their spectroscopic characterization, biological activity and photocatalytic dye degradation study. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1301, (2024) 137404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.137404

A. Suba, P. Selvarajan, J.J. Devadasan, Rubidium chloride doped magnesium oxide nanomaterial by using green synthesis and its characterization. Chemical Physics Letters, 793, (2022) 139463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139463

J. Xu, Y. Huang, S. Zhu, N. Abbes, X. Jing, L. Zhang, A review of the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using plant extracts and their prospects for application in antibacterial textiles. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 16, (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250211046242

F. Davar, A. Majedi, A. Mirzaei, Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and its application in the degradation of some dyes. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 98(6), (2015) 1739-1746. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13467

U.O. Aigbe, O.A. Osibote, Green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, and their various applications. Journal of hazardous materials advances, 13, (2024) 100401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100401

A. Wasilewska, U. Klekotka, M. Zambrzycka, G. Zambrowski, I. Święcicka, B. Kalska-Szostko, Physico-chemical properties and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles fabricated by green synthesis. Food chemistry, 400, (2023) 133960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133960

S. Varshney, A. Gupta, Forest industrial biomass residue-mediated green synthesized multifunctional copper oxide nanoparticles for efficient wastewater treatment and biomedical applications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, (2024) 140109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140109

R. Kumar, K. Kumar, N. Thakur, A. Umar, A.A. Ibrahim, S. Akbar, S. Baskoutas, Green synthesis and multifunctional properties of Cu/NiO nanocomposites using Commelina benghalensis leaf extract. Chemosphere, 362, (2024) 142805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142805

T.U.D. Thi, T.T. Nguyen, Y.D. Thi, K.H.T. Thi, B.T. Phan, K.N. Pham, (2020). Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using orange fruit peel extract for antibacterial activities. RSC advances, 10(40), 23899-23907. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA04926C

N. Kumari, P. Kumari, A.K. Jha, K. Prasad, Green synthesis of Cu2O nanoparticles using grape juice and its antimicrobial activity. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2220(1), (2020). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0002290

G. Vasyliev, V. Vorobyova, Valorization of Food Waste to Produce Eco‐Friendly Means of Corrosion Protection and “Green” Synthesis of Nanoparticles. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2020(1), (2020) 6615118. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6615118

N. Sedefoglu, Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by Myrtus communis plant extract with investigation of effect of precursor, calcination temperature and study of photocatalytic performance. Ceramics International, 50(6), (2024) 9884-9895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.01.387

A. Shakerimoghaddam, H.J. Majeed, A. J. Hashim, M.J. Abed, L.S. Jasim, M. Salavati- Niasari, Green synthesis and characterization of NiO/Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in the presence of peppermint extract and investigation of their antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Results in Chemistry, 13 (2025). 101947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101947

M. Kaur, A. Gautam, P. Guleria, K. Singh, V. Kumar, Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their environmental applications. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 29, (2022) 100390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2022.100390

K.M. Gendo, R. Feyisa Bogale, G. Kenasa, Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Co3O4–ZnO Nanocomposites Using Calpurnia aurea Leaf Extract. ACS omega, 9(26), (2024) 28354-28371. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c01595

S. Drummer, O. Mkhari, M. Chowdhury, Green synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles using spent coffee: Application in catalytic and photocatalytic dye degradation. Next Nanotechnology, 6, (2024) 100069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxnano.2024.100069

P. Papolu, A. Bhogi, Green synthesis of various metal oxide nanoparticles for the environmental remediation-An overview. Materials Today: Proceedings, 92(2), (2023) 924-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.544

J. Yadav, P. Chauhan, R.K. Rawat, S.K. Pathak, S. Srivastava, Syzygium aromaticum-mediated green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles for efficient heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 101(8), (2024) 101201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2024.101201

A. Maria, I. Ahmad, S. Naeem, D. Husain, A.B. Patil, D.K. Halwar, A.V. Patil, Green synthesis and characterization of crystalline copper nanoparticles via sodium borohydride reduction towards enhanced gas sensing application. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 101(6), (2024) 101157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jics.2024.101157

P.M.Y, Ansari, R.M. Muthukrishnan, R.I. Khan, C. Vedhi, S. A. Kader, Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Amaranthus caudatus leaf extract and its non-enzymatic glucose sensor application. Applied Physics A, 129(11) (2023) 743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chphi.2023.100374

C. Hano, B.H. Abbasi, Plant-based green synthesis of nanoparticles: Production, characterization and applications. Biomolecules, 12(1), (2021) 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12010031

M. Khan, F. Ahmad, J.T. Koivisto, M. Kellomäki, Green synthesis of controlled size gold and silver nanoparticles using antioxidant as capping and reducing agent. Colloid and Interface Science Communications, 39, (2020) 100322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colcom.2020.100322

I.S. Saputra, E. Nurfani, A.G. Fahmi, A.H. Saputro, D.O.B. Apriandanu, D. Annas, Y. Yulizar, Effect of secondary metabolites from several leaf extracts on the green synthesized-ZnO nanoparticles. Vacuum, 227, (2024) 113434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2024.113434

S. Kumar, A. Tahira, M. Emo, B. Vigolo, A. Infantes-Molin, A.M. Alotaibi, S.F. Shaikh, A. NafadyIbupoto, Z. Hussain Ibupoto, Grapefruit juice containing rich hydroxyl and oxygenated groups capable of transforming 1D structure of NiCo2O4 into 0D with excessive surface vacancies for promising energy conversion and storage applications. Journal of Energy Storage, 68, (2023) 107708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107708

J. Meena, S. Shankari Sivasubramaniam, E. David, Green supercapacitors: review and perspectives on sustainable template-free synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. RSC Sustainability, 2(5), (2024) 1224-1245. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00009A

H.M. Abuzeid, C.M. Julien, L. Zhu, A.M. Hashem, Green synthesis of nanoparticles and their energy storage, environmental, and biomedical applications. Crystals, 13(11), (2023) 1576. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13111576

E.T. Bekele, Y.D. Sintayehu, B.A. Gonfa, F.K. Sabir, M.K. Shumete, C.R. Ravikumar, N. Kumar H.A. Murthy, Green synthesis of ternary ZnO/ZnCo2O4 nanocomposites using Ricinus communis leaf extract for the electrochemical sensing of sulfamethoxazole. Inorganic Chemistry Communications, 160, (2024) 111964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2023.111964

L. Yadeta Gemachu, A. Lealem Birhanu, Green synthesis of ZnO, CuO and NiO nanoparticles using Neem leaf extract and comparing their photocatalytic activity under solar irradiation. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 17(1), (2024) 2293841. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518253.2023.2293841

P.Raji, Green synthesis and characterization of Copper oxide nanoparticles using Luffa acutangula peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, 16, (2024) 100261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.100261

M. Gowtham, Chandrasekar Sivakumar, Narendhar Chandrasekar, S. Balachandran, N. Senthil Kumar, Exploring Zinc Vanadate/Cobalt Oxide (Zn3(VO4)2/CoO) Nano Hybrid Composites as Supercapacitors for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications, International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation, 6(3) (2024) 128-143. https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt24310

S. Kharat, S. Dahiwale, S.N. Inamdar, M.P. Shinde, Synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles coated with carbon and its catalytic applications in organic reactions. Materials Today: Proceedings, 92, (2023) 1034-1039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.005

K. Ali, M. Sajid, S.A. Bakar, A. Younus, H. Ali, M.Z. Rashid, Synthesis of copper oxide (CuO) via coprecipitation method: Tailoring structural and optical properties of CuO nanoparticles for optoelectronic device applications. Hybrid Advances, 6, (2024) 100250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hybadv.2024.100250

C. Ramalechume, P. Shamili, R. Krishnaveni, C.M.A. Swamidoss, Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using tree gum extract, its spectral characterization, and a study of its anti-bactericidal properties. Materials Today: Proceedings, 33, (2020) 4151-4155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.587

D. Rajalakshmi, S. Gunasekaran, P.J. Paneerselvam, I. Kostova, Synthesis, characterization, and biomedical potential of nickel oxide and Silver-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles via green synthesis method. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 693, (2024) 416237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2024.416237

K.G. Devi, A.C. Dhanemozhi, & L.S. Priya, Green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using lemon extract for waste water treatment. Materials Today: Proceedings (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.03.576